Pourquoi les individus choisissent-ils de travailler en toute sécurité dans certains cas et de manière non sécuritaire dans d’autres? Cet article utilise une approche centrée sur les objectifs pour aborder de manière conceptuelle cette question de la variabilité comportementale, définissent ce que sont les comportements liés à la sécurité, expliquent leurs différences et offrent des propositions sur quand et pourquoi ces comportements peuvent varier chez une même personne.
Abstract
Why do individuals choose to work safely in some instances and unsafely in others? Though this inherently within-person question is straightforward, the preponderance of between-person theory and research in the workplace safety literature is not equipped to answer it. Additionally, the limited way in which safety-related behaviors tend to be conceptualized further restricts understanding of why individuals vary in their safety-related actions. We use a goal-focused approach to conceptually address this question of behavioral variability and contribute to workplace safety research in 2 key ways. First, we establish an updated typology of safety-related behaviors that differentiates behaviors based on goal choice (i.e., safe vs. unsafe behaviors), goal-directedness (i.e., intentional vs. unintentional behaviors), and the means of goal pursuit (i.e., commission vs. omission and promotion vs. prevention-focused behaviors). Second, using an expectancy-value theoretical framework to explain variance in goal choice, we establish within-person propositions stating that safety-related goal choice and subsequent behaviors are a function of the target of safety-related behaviors, the instrumentality and resource requirement of behaviors, and the perceived severity, likelihood, and immediacy of the threats associated with behaviors. Taken together, we define what safety-related behaviors are, explain how they differ, and offer propositions concerning when and why they may vary within-persons. We explore potential between-person moderators of our theoretical propositions and discuss the practical implications of our typology and process model of safety-related behavior.
Source
BEUS, Jeremy M. et TAYLOR, William D., 2018. Working safely at some times and unsafely at others: A typology and within-person process model of safety-related work behaviors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2018. Vol. 23, n° 3, pp. 402‑416. DOI 10.1037/ocp0000092.